Incorrect; arrays are not automatically converted to 2D arrays but are broadcast according to rules that require minimal adjustments to shape.

Correct; the (3, 1) array is broadcast to match the (3, ) array, effectively repeating its single column for each element in the (3, ) array.

Incorrect; the (3, ) array is treated as having a single row, not reshaped to (1, 3).

Incorrect; NumPy's broadcasting rules allow for the operation to proceed without error.

Incorrect; NumPy's broadcasting rules allow these shapes to be compatible by duplicating each array's contents to match the combined shape.

Incorrect; while the second array's single row is indeed duplicated across the first dimension, the first array is similarly broadcast across the second array's shape, resulting in a mutual broadcasting rather than one being exclusively duplicated.

Correct; NumPy broadcasts each array to the shape of the other, resulting in an operation over a (4, 4) array where each array's single dimension is replicated to match the other's shape.

Incorrect; both arrays are considered in the operation, with neither being ignored. Broadcasting ensures they both contribute to the resulting array.